Threatened Species of North America

Cougar (Puma concolor): A Silent Guardian
of the Americas

Also known as mountain lion, puma, or panther, the Puma concolor is one of the largest and most widely distributed wild cats in the Americas — ranging from Canada all the way to the southernmost parts of South America. This extensive range highlights its adaptability and quiet resilience across diverse ecosystems.

With a solitary lifestyle, cougars vary in color from light brown to gray, blending seamlessly into forests, plains, deserts, and tropical habitats throughout the continent.

Conservation Status

The Puma concolor is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN globally. However, many local populations are under significant threat due to:

• Habitat loss and fragmentation caused by agriculture and urban expansion
• Conflict with humans, especially in rural and livestock regions
• Road accidents and illegal hunting

Though still widely distributed, numbers are declining in various regions. As a top predator, the cougar plays a crucial role in controlling herbivore populations and maintaining ecological balance throughout its range.

Organizations Dedicated to Conservation

Many institutions across the Americas are working to protect Puma concolor and its ecosystems:

North & Central America

• Panthera: A global leader in wild cat conservation, Panthera’s programs in the U.S. and Mexico focus on habitat corridors and human-wildlife coexistence.
• Mountain Lion Foundation (USA): Dedicated solely to the protection of cougars through education, advocacy, and legal efforts.
• Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS): Active in Central America, including Honduras and Nicaragua, focusing on habitat preservation and species monitoring.
• Predator Conservation Alliance (now part of Greater Yellowstone Coalition): Supports predator conservation and conflict mitigation in the U.S. Rocky Mountain region.

South America (Brazil)

• Felinos do Aguaí Project: Based in southern Brazil, it monitors pumas and other wildcats in protected areas.
• No Clima da Caatinga: Tracks pumas using dry forest reserves as shelter in Brazil’s Northeast.
• Panthera Brasil: Coordinates studies and conservation efforts for native big cats.
• Onçafari: Promotes ecotourism, scientific research, and conservation across Brazilian biomes.

Why It Matters

As a top predator, the cougar plays a vital ecological role in maintaining the health of ecosystems. By controlling prey populations and balancing food chains, it helps sustain biodiversity. The presence of such a predator is a strong indicator of ecological health.

Red Lynx (Bobcat)

The Red Lynx (Lynx rufus) is one of North America’s most fascinating and elusive wildcats. This medium-sized predator is known for its beautiful fur and distinctive ear tufts, but sadly, it is facing significant threats to its survival. In this article, we will explore the Red Lynx’s habitat, its declining population, conservation efforts, and the organizations working hard to protect this magnificent species.

Habitat of the Red Lynx

The Red Lynx is native to North America and can be found across a wide range of habitats. From the dense forests of Canada to the dry, scrubby landscapes of the United States, the species is highly adaptable. It is typically found in wooded areas, forests, and brushlands that provide ample cover and abundant prey. The Lynx is particularly dependent on areas with a good mix of forests, scrub, and grasslands, where it can easily hunt and hide.

However, as urbanization spreads, these habitats are being increasingly threatened, making it more difficult for the Red Lynx to thrive.

Population Decline: A Cause for Concern

Unfortunately, the population of the Red Lynx has seen a steady decline in recent decades. The primary reasons for this drop are habitat loss, hunting, and fragmentation of land. As human activities encroach on the lynx’s natural environment, the species is losing vital areas for hunting and denning. This has led to a reduced prey base and increased competition with other predators, which are contributing factors to its declining numbers.

While the Red Lynx is not currently classified as endangered, its population continues to shrink, particularly in certain regions of North America. The IUCN Red List considers it a species of “Least Concern”, but experts believe that the ongoing threats to its habitat and food sources could push it closer to endangered status if not addressed.

Diet and Feeding Habits

The Red Lynx is an opportunistic predator, primarily feeding on rabbits, hares, and rodents. In some areas, it may also hunt small deer and birds. The lynx relies on its excellent hunting skills and keen senses to stalk and capture its prey. As a solitary predator, it typically hunts alone, using its sharp claws and powerful jaws to catch and kill its prey.

While the Red Lynx is skilled at hunting, its reliance on small mammals like the snowshoe hare makes it vulnerable to shifts in prey populations. In years when hare numbers drop, lynx populations also tend to decrease.

Where is the Red Lynx Found?

The Red Lynx can be found across a wide geographical range in North America. The species is most abundant in the northeastern United States, southern Canada, and parts of Mexico. Notably, the lynx prefers forests, woodlands, and grasslands where it can easily hide and hunt. Some populations are isolated in specific regions, such as the Southwestern United States and the Great Lakes area, where conservation efforts are focused on maintaining viable habitats for these elusive cats.

Conservation Efforts: Protecting the Red Lynx

There are several organizations dedicated to the protection of the Red Lynx, including the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and Defenders of Wildlife. These NGOs are working tirelessly to protect the lynx’s habitat, restore its prey base, and ensure the survival of this species for future generations.

Key efforts include:

• Habitat restoration: Protecting and restoring forests and grasslands to provide a suitable environment for the lynx.
• Legislation: Enacting and enforcing laws to protect lynx from hunting and habitat destruction.
• Monitoring populations: Conducting research and using technology to monitor lynx populations and track their movements to understand their needs better.

The WWF has been particularly active in helping restore habitats across North America, focusing on the conservation of critical ecosystems that are essential for species like the Red Lynx. Their efforts are aimed at ensuring that wild populations of lynx and other native species continue to thrive in the wild.

How You Can Help

Supporting organizations such as WWF and Defenders of Wildlife can make a significant impact on the conservation of the Red Lynx. You can contribute by donating to these NGOs or purchasing products from organizations that support wildlife conservation. Every little bit helps in ensuring that the Red Lynx can continue to roam the forests and grasslands of North America.

In addition to donations, you can help spread awareness by sharing information about the Red Lynx and its conservation needs with your friends and family. The more people who understand the importance of protecting endangered species, the greater the impact we can have.

https://www.wcs.org/donate

https://www.worldwildlife.org/donate

https://defenders.org/donate

Conclusion

The Red Lynx is a vital part of North America’s wildlife and plays an essential role in maintaining the balance of its ecosystem. However, the species faces serious threats that must be addressed to prevent further population declines. By supporting WWF and other conservation organizations, we can help ensure that this incredible species continues to thrive in the wild. With your support, the future of the Red Lynx and its habitat can be secured for generations to come.

Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi)

• The Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List. A subspecies of the gray wolf, it is native to the southwestern United States and Mexico. Historically, the Mexican Wolf roamed throughout the southwestern US, northern Mexico, and parts of northern Mexico. However, by the mid-1900s, it was nearly driven to extinction due to extensive hunting, trapping, and habitat loss.
• The primary threats to the Mexican Wolf include habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and genetic issues resulting from a small, fragmented population. Despite successful reintroduction efforts, the species remains at risk due to limited genetic diversity and challenges in establishing sustainable, self-sufficient populations.
• Conservation efforts for the Mexican Wolf have focused on reintroduction programs, genetic management, and creating safe spaces in protected areas to ensure their long-term survival. These efforts include working with local ranchers to minimize conflicts with livestock and implementing strategies to enhance the genetic pool through careful breeding programs. Continued support and habitat protection are essential to stabilize and increase the population of this critically endangered wolf subspecies. Donate to Endangered Wolf Center

Vaquita (Phocoena sinus)

• The Vaquita (Phocoena sinus) is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List. This small porpoise is found exclusively in the northern part of the Gulf of California, Mexico. It is one of the most endangered marine mammals in the world, with estimates of fewer than 10 individuals remaining in the wild.
• The primary threat to the Vaquita is bycatch in illegal gillnets used for fishing another endangered species, the totoaba fish. The swim bladders of totoaba are highly valued on the black market, leading to widespread illegal fishing. As a result, Vaquitas become accidentally trapped in these nets, causing a dramatic decline in their population.
• Conservation efforts focus on eliminating illegal fishing, strengthening enforcement against the use of gillnets, and supporting alternative livelihoods for local communities. Efforts also include promoting the use of safer fishing gear and enhancing the protection of the Vaquita’s critical habitat. The species’ survival depends on immediate action to remove gillnets from its habitat and prevent further harm to this critically endangered porpoise. Donate to: https://www.vaquitafund.org

Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi)

• The Florida Panther (Puma concolor coryi) is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List. A subspecies of the cougar, it is native to the forests and swamps of southern Florida, USA. Once widespread across the southeastern United States, the Florida Panther’s range has been drastically reduced, and it now survives in a small area in the southwestern part of Florida.
• Habitat loss due to urbanization, agricultural development, and road construction has been the primary threat to this panther subspecies. The fragmentation of its habitat has led to inbreeding and genetic issues, further exacerbating its risk of extinction. The construction of highways and roads also leads to increased mortality from vehicle collisions.
• Conservation efforts for the Florida Panther include habitat restoration, wildlife corridors to reduce roadkill, and breeding programs to ensure genetic diversity. Ongoing efforts also focus on protecting the remaining swamps and forests, while minimizing human-wildlife conflicts. These actions are crucial for the survival of the species and the recovery of its population. Donate to: https://www.fws.gov/refuge/florida-panther

Bicknell’s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli)

• The Bicknell’s Thrush (Catharus bicknelli) is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List. This small songbird is primarily found in the mountainous forests of northeastern North America, including parts of Canada and the northeastern United States. It is a migratory species that nests in high-altitude forests, relying on dense vegetation and specific forest types for breeding.
• The primary threats to the Bicknell’s Thrush include habitat loss due to logging, climate change, and habitat fragmentation. Deforestation and the alteration of its breeding grounds have led to a decrease in available nesting sites, while rising temperatures may shift its habitat range. Additionally, the bird’s reliance on specific forest ecosystems makes it vulnerable to any ecological disturbances in these areas.
• Conservation efforts for Bicknell’s Thrush focus on protecting its breeding and wintering habitats, as well as monitoring populations. Sustainable forestry practices, habitat restoration, and the establishment of protected areas are key to ensuring the long-term survival of this threatened species. Donate to: https://www.birdlife.org

Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum)

• The Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List. Native to lakes near Mexico City, particularly Lake Xochimilco, this aquatic salamander is facing severe threats due to habitat loss, water pollution, and the introduction of invasive species.
• Historically, the axolotl thrived in the wetlands of the region, where it relied on clean, shallow waters for breeding. However, urbanization, water contamination, and the draining of natural lakes have drastically reduced its habitat. Furthermore, the introduction of non-native fish species has led to predation of the axolotl, further exacerbating its decline.
• Efforts to conserve the axolotl include habitat restoration, breeding programs, and attempts to control invasive species. Conservationists are also working to raise awareness about the species’ plight, aiming to protect its remaining natural habitat and increase the chances of recovery for this unique and fascinating creature. Donate to: https://www.axolotl.org

American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus)

• The American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List. Once widespread across the United States, this species has experienced a dramatic decline due to habitat loss, particularly the destruction of prairies and grasslands, and the fragmentation of its natural environment.
• This beetle relies on carrion for breeding and sustenance, burying small animal carcasses to provide food for its larvae. However, changes in land use, pesticide use, and the introduction of invasive species have disrupted its ecological role and food sources.
• Conservation efforts for the American Burying Beetle focus on habitat restoration, captive breeding programs, and reintroduction projects. By protecting its natural habitat and ensuring the availability of carrion, conservationists aim to support the recovery of this unique species. Donate to: https://www.xerces.org

Honduran Emerald Hummingbird (Amazilia luciae)

• The Honduran Emerald Hummingbird (Amazilia luciae) is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List. Endemic to Honduras, this species is primarily found in tropical dry forests, an ecosystem increasingly threatened by agricultural expansion, livestock farming, and urbanization.
• The main threats to the species include habitat loss and degradation, which significantly reduce the available areas for feeding and nesting. Despite these challenges, conservation efforts are underway, including the establishment of protected areas, reforestation programs, and local initiatives to promote sustainable farming practices.
• The survival of the Honduran Emerald Hummingbird depends on continued commitment to protecting its natural habitat. Donate to: https://www.hummingbirdsociety.org